Nut-machine



4ITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

J. c.\DAY, or JERSEY CITY, NEwJERsEY.

NUT-MACHINE.

Speccationiof Letters Patent No.

To all whom 'it may concern: Be it known that I, J. C. DAY, of .Ierse City, in thecounty of Hudsonv and State of New Jersey, have invented a new and Im provedMachine for Making Nut-Blanks for Screws at One Operation; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full and eX- act description thereof, `reference being had to the accompanying drawings, making part of this specification, Figure l, beinga plan of the machine, some portions being removed, toshow parts beneath; Fig. 2, a Vertical section thereof, in the plane indicated by the line w, m, Fig. l; Fig. 3, a verti-cal section, in the plane` indicated by the line y, y, Fig. l; Figs. 4, and 5, views of parts detached.

Like letters designate corresponding parts in all the figures.

The parts are all mounted in a strong .frame A, which may be made of cast-iron,

and with hollow sides, as indicated inl Fig. t, in order to obtain the greatest degree ofV lightness compatible with the proper strength; and also incidentally to afford room for the compact location of some of the parts of the machine. In a suitable position beneath the body of the frame, is situated the driving shaft B, on which the cams D, E, G, H, I, L, are placed, for producing the various motions required. v

The nutsare formed in the middle of the frame; and the heated bar from which they are cut is fed vertically to the dies through a hollow standard C, (Fig. 8,) the longi tudinal aperture therein being of the right size to keep the bar in a proper posit-ion for cutting the nuts therefrom, and pushing them into the die-box.

The die-box and dies are peculiarly con structed and arranged, so as to make the nuts of any evennumber of sides, out of pieces cut from a rectangular bar, without waste of material; and the punches are also so shaped, .andA so act, as t-o makethe holes in the nuts without waste of material. The manner in which these results are eected is substantially as follows: Nuts of an even number of faces and regular in form, have their opposite faces parallel. Upon this property of form, is based my improved arrangement of dies. Two opposite faces of the nut'are shaped by stationary sides e, f, of the die-box, which` may be adjustable so as to make nuts of different sizes. Between 18,892, dated December 22, 1857.

f these stationary sides twoymovable dies g, 7L,

slide, eachbeing shaped so as to make half of the remaining faces which compose the periphery of each nut. Thus, if the nut is to be hexagonal, as indicated in Fig. 2each die has two faces. If the nut is to be ootagonal, each die should have three faces; .and in a corresponding manner for nuts of other numbers of faces. Thesedies may be removable and replaceable, formaking. nuts of various sizes .and different numbers of sides. A movement is given to both simultaneously, so as to separate at theproper time for the insert-ion of the pieces of which the nuts are to be formed; and then close so as to bring the nuts into the desired shape. In o-rder to producethis movement, the dies are inserted in sliding sockets V, W, to which the desired reciprocating motion is imparted by means of toggle-levers O, P, toggle-links Y, Z, and :cams G, Hywhich aotuate the levers. The manner in which these produce the desired eect is: clearly represented in Fig. 2. The toggle-links are hinged to stationary bearings 7c, 7c, which are.. adjusted so as to bring the dies to the exact points desired, at the end of their inward, strokes, by means of wedges z', c', and adjusting screws y', y', arranged as indicated in Fig. l. The levers O, P, are jointed` to `the sliding sockets V, W. When the cams G, II, respectively raise thelong arms of isaid levers O, P, the dies g, L are separated in the die-box; and when they depress the levers, the dies` are pressed toward each other, against the nuts, and swage them into shape. The power of these togglelevers rapidly increases as the dies are forced farther inward, in the manner of a togglejoint; and thus exert the greatest force when most required. In order thatthe cams may raisethe levers O, P, they maybe respectively .provided with grooves m, n, in their faces, for the reception of pins projecting from the ends of said levers.

The die a, which forms one of the end faces of the nuts, just fits between the stationary sides c, f, and is of somewhat greater width than the nuts, so that it may serve also for cutting the pieces from he bar, as the same is fed, by the weight thereof, 'into the machine. It accomplishes this purpose by a shearing cut in'connection with the front edge of the upper stationary side e, of the die-box, while the lower stationary side f, projects somewhat farther than the side c, Vin order to furnish a gage, or stop, on which the bar rests before being cut. The movement of the die is sufficient to allow the bars to descend in front of it; and then to cut the bars off, and force the pieces entirely into the die-box, its own movement ceasing just when it comes in contact with the fro-nt sides of the dies g, L. It is mounted in a sliding socket T, which is actuated by a toggle-lever- M, toggle-link X, and cam D, in the same manner as that described for actuating the dies h.

The die b, which slides in the fixed back of the die-box, is of the same form and size in transverse section, as the nuts to be formed. Its movement is from a position where its face is flush Awith the back of the die-box, forward through the die-box, sufficiently far to drive the finished nuts therefrom, till they fall out by their own weight. In the beginning of its motion forward, it gives the final pressure to the nuts as hereinafter described. -Its movement is produced by means of two antagonist, antifriction, eccentric sectors R, S, one being hinged to a fixed bearing le, and the other to the sliding socket U, of the die. Against the lower edge of the sector R, a cam I1, on the driving shaft, presses and gives the requisite motions, as shown in Fig. 3. These sectors are preferable to the toggle-joint or to other modes of actuating this particular die, because the greatest power is required at the beginning, while in the afterpart of the stroke, very little power is needed; and the forms of the sectors may be made so as to produce these relative forces at the proper times. The fixed bearings, against which the sector S, and the toggle-link X, respectively bear, are adjusted in the same Inanner as those of the toggle-links Y, Z, above described. And all the bearings p, p, p, p, of the sliding sockets T, U, V, W, are adjustable. The dies are drawn back, if necessary, or desired, after the actionof their respective cams, by means of springs 1", r, r, or their equivalents.

To form the holes through the nuts, two punches 0, d, are employed, moving respectively in the dies a, and Their inner ends are rounded, tapered, or pointed, so that they will force all the metal from before them, sidewise vinto the body of the nuts, and thus avoid the waste of any metal. To do this in the best and YmostV efcient manner, one punch 0, is first driven through the nut till its extremity nearly or quite reaches the back surface thereof; and then the other punch is driven forward through the nut, while the former punch retreats before it. The punches have heads s, t, on their outer ends, to prevent their being driven too far through the dies; and `there is a stop c, attached to the frame, against Yside c of the die-box.

which the head t, of the punch d, strikes,

' in order that said punch may never be drivenl beyond the front edge of the cutting The roundness or taper of the inner ends of the punches need not exceed a hemisphere, as indicated in Fig. 8. The punches are actuated respectively by means of suspended levers NLQ, against -which cams E, I, on the driving shaft, act. The levers are suspended in slots` through the frame, and the die-sockets 4T, U, substantially as shown in Fig. 3; and they return, after the action of their cams, by their own weight. Each punch requires no other means of -driving it back than the action of the opposite punch, or of the nut` blank, pressing against 1t.

The succession and effects of the movements produced in the manner above described, are as follows: The cutting die a, being withdrawn to its farthest extent, and the bar having descended in front of it, it is driven inward, Erst cutting the piece for a nut from the bar, and then forcing it into the die-box, its cam continuing to hold it in contact with, or close to, the front sides of the dies g, 71.. Immediately after this movement, the said dies g, L, areV driven inward till they come in contact with the nut piece, and these are held by their respective cams, till, first, the punch o, is driven through, or nearly through, the pieces, and, afterward, the .punch d, is driven in the other direction, through the same, and thereby finishes the hole in the center. Then, the said dies g, L, are driven still farther inward, while the punch d, remains in the piece, until the periphery of the nut is completely formed by the swaging action thereof. The back die Z), then comes forward, and, first, produces the final pressure against the nut, while the other dies are still held in place by their cams, and the punch d, is in the nut. the die Z9, to continue forward till it drives the nut from the die-box; when .it begins to recede, and all the parts being again in the same positions as at first, the same movements are repeated, thus making a nut at each revolution of the driving shaft B.

What I claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent is-- l. The arrangement and use of the cutting The other dies now recede, and allow die a, the compressing dies g, 7L, the punches i iso w eX'cept the ordinary or otherwise necessary 4. I also claim the arrangement and com- 10 motions of the tWo dies a, b, substantially bination of the sectors R, S, and cam L, subas described. stantially in the manner and for the purpose 3. I also claim the arrangement ofhthe specified.

bearings la, k, with slidin Wedges z', z', W ich are adjusted by screws j,gj, or their equiva- J C' DAY' lents, for the purpose of accurately adjust- Witnesses:

ing the movements of the toggle levers and JOHN B. DRAYTON,

links as described. DAVID BEDFORD. 

